History Painting, dated 1626
panel (oak), oil paint, 90 x 122 cm
- Current attribution
- Date
- dated 1626
- Title
- History Painting
- Other/old title
- Coriolanus as conqueror
Ludolf and Konrad the Red before Otto I
Saul giving weapons to David
The injustice of Piso
The magnanimity of Claudius Civilis
The clemency of Charles V
The consul Cerealis and the German legions
Orestes and Pylades before King Thoas in Tauris
The clemency of Emperor Titus
The readiness of the Horatii
The magnanimity of emperor Ferdinand II
The judgment of consul L. Junius Brutus / The justice of Brutus
Palamedes before Agamemnon
The sentencing of the son of Manlius Torquatus
The judgment of Saul on Jonathan
The magnanimity of Alexander - There is no consensus of opinion on the subject of this painting, for which many suggestions have been made (see bibliography).
- Genre
- Subject keywords
- Iconclass
Old Testament
Uranus (Caelus), Heaven
Literature
- Object
- Support/medium
- Shape/sizes
- 90 x 122 cm
- Signature/inscription
- R f. or RH. (in monogram) 16[2]6
- Physical relationship
Some art historians regard the History painting in Leiden and The stoning of Saint Stephen in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon in Lyon as pendants. The sale catalogue of 1663 of the collection of Petrus Scriverius mentions “twee braave groote stukken van Rembrandt”. It has been suggested that this reference is about the paintings in Leiden and Lyon that have similar dimensions. Some art historians also wrote about an iconographic relationship between the two paintings. However, not all art historians are convinced that the The stoning of Saint Stephen and the History painting are pendants, mainly because no mention is made of the subjects of the paintings listed in the 1663 sale catalogue. (see for instance: Leiden 1976, p. 68; Schwartz 1984, p. 35; Bruyn 1987, p. 89; Van Straten 1991, p. 102; White 1999, p. 249; Wetering e.a. 2001, p. 147; Taylor 2011, p. 117)
- Collection(s)
- Asscher Koetser & Welker (London)
Acquired as school of Rubens and recognized as a Rembrandt (Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings 1982-, vol. I (1982), no. A 6).
from 1924 - J.J.M. Chabot
until 1942-09-01 (end date is date of sale) - Centraal Museum , inv./cat.nr. 392 (catalogue 1933)
on loan from private collection J.J.M. Chabot
1925 - 1942-09-01 - B. Mensing
1942-09-01 - Erhard Göpel
(Ekkart e.a. 2002, p. 159)
from 1942-09-01 - Führermuseum , inv./cat.nr. 2599
Ekkart e.a. 2002, p. 159; File card, MCCP Restitution Card File, accessible online via: https://www.dhm.de/datenbank/ccp/dhm_ccp.php?seite=9 - Central Collecting Point , inv./cat.nr. 1463
1945-06-28 - 1945-10-09 (File card, MCCP Restitution Card File, accessible online via: https://www.dhm.de/datenbank/ccp/dhm_ccp.php?seite=9) - Stichting Nederlands Kunstbezit , inv./cat.nr. NK 2615
recovered from Germany - Dienst voor 's Rijks Verspreide Kunstvoorwerpen , inv./cat.nr. NK 2615
- Museum De Lakenhal , inv./cat.nr. B 564
on loan from Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands)
from 1948
- Asscher Koetser & Welker (London)
- Auction(s)
- Marle & Bignell, van , Belangrijke veiling van kostbare oude schilderijen uit de collectie van den Heer J.J.M. Chabot, 1942-09-01, lot number: 24
Buyer: B. Mensing , 300.000 guilder, according to an annotation in a copy of the sale catalogue (RKD, The Hague)
- Marle & Bignell, van , Belangrijke veiling van kostbare oude schilderijen uit de collectie van den Heer J.J.M. Chabot, 1942-09-01, lot number: 24
- Exhibitions
- Rembrandt by himself, National Gallery [London] , 1999-06-09 - 1999-09-05, cat. no. 1
- Rembrandt & Lievens in Leiden : 'een jong en edel schildersduo" = 'a pair of young and noble painters', Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal , 1991-12-04 - 1992-03-01, p. 15, 16, 36, 83, 90, ill. 37
- Geschildert tot Leyden anno 1626, Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal , 1976-11-18 - 1977-01-09, cat. no. S 26
- Jonge Rembrandt, Museum De Lakenhal , 2019-11-02 - 2020-02-09, cat. no. 59
- Gods, saints and heroes, Detroit Institute of Arts , 1981-02-16 - 1981-04-19, cat. no. 25
- Het aanzien van de kunstenaar : kunstenaarsportretten uit de 16de-20ste eeuw, Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal , 1985-11-16 - 1986-01-05, p. 4-5
- Het mysterie van de jonge Rembrandt, Museum Het Rembrandthuis , 2002-02-20 - 2002-05-26, cat. no. 7
- Rembrandt zelf, Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis , 1999-09-25 - 2000-01-09, cat. no. 1
- Der junge Rembrandt : Rätsel um seine Anfänge, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Staatliche Museen Kassel, 2001-11-03 - 2002-01-27, cat. no. 7
- Rembrandt als leermeester, Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal , 1956-06-01 - 1956-09-01, cat. no. 4
- Herwonnen Kunstbezit (Den Haag), Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis , 1946-03-16 - 1946-05, cat. no. 46
- Gods, saints and heroes, National Gallery of Art [Washington] , 1980-11-02 - 1981-01-04, cat. no. 25
- Stad van Verf, Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal , 2010-01-02 - 2010-05-29
- Rembrandt : Genie auf der Suche, Gemäldegalerie (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin), 2006-08-04 - 2006-11-05, cat. no. 1
- God en de goden, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam , 1981-05-16 - 1981-07-19, cat. no. 25
- Literature in RKDLibrary
- Hofstede de Groot 1924, p. 126 and fig. Plate II
as Saul giving weapons to David - Weisbach 1926, p. 122
- Debrunner 1929, p. 75
- Müller 1929, p. 78
- Stechow 1929, no. 1-6, p. 135
as The judgment of the consul L. Junius Brutus - Utrecht 1933, no. 392
- Bauch 1933, p. 8, 173
as History painting - Valentiner 1925-1934, p. 401
as The sentencing of the son of Manlius Torquatus - Benesch 1935, p. 2
as The justice of Brutus - Bredius 1935, no. 460
as The justice of Brutus - Martin 1936-1937, p. 56
as The justice of Brutus - Knuttel 1938, p. 251
- Schmidt-Degener/Cornelissen 1941B, no. 1-6, p.106-111
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus - Pinder 1943, p. 16
- The Hague 1946, no. 46
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus - Rosenberg 1948, p. 13, fig. 9
- Hamann 1948, p. 197-198, fig. 136
- Leiden 1949, p. 229-232
as Coriolanus as conqueror - Van de Waal 1952, p. 124, note 261:5, 261:9
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus - Van Gelder 1953, p. 12-13, fig. 15
as Greek myth with Agamemnon and Palamedes - Pelinck/Benisovich/Renckens 1953, p. 52
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus - Knuttel 1955B, p. 44, 46, fig. 17
- Knuttel 1956, p. 65
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus? - Van Wessem 1956, no. 4
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus - Saxl 1957, vol. 1, p. 298-301; vol. 2, fig. 208a
as The sentencing of the son of Manlius Torquatus - Sumowski 1957-1958, p. 23, 223-247
as The judgment of Saul on Jonathan - Benesch 1959, no. 4, p. 310
as The justice of Brutus - Bauch 1960, p. 99-101
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions - Marx 1960, p. 31, 94, 104, fig. 6
- Bauch 1960, p. 99-101, fig. 60
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions? - Slive 1963, no. 14
- Rosenberg 1964, p. 13, fig. 9
- Bauch 1966, no. 96
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions? - Erpel 1967, p. 138-139, 143, fig. 2, 132
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions? - Foucart [s.a.], p. 24
- Fuchs 1968, no. 10
as The clemency of the Emperor Titus - Gerson 1968, no. 1
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions? - Haak 1968, p. 23
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions? - Bredius/Gerson 1969, no. 460
- Dudok van Heel 1969, p. 252
- Guratzsch 1975, no. 4, p. 247-248
as The consul Cerealis and the German legions? - Broos 1975, p. 203
- Ekkart/Wurfbain 1976, no. S 26
as Palamedes before Agamemnon (Another title proposed by K. Demus is mentioned on p. 66: Ludolf and Konrad the Red before Otto I) - Groen 1977, no. 1/2, p. 66-74
- Van de Wetering 1977, no. 1/2, p. 27-60
- Dudok van Heel 1978, p. 167
- De Boer 1981-1982, no. 11
- Blankert 1981, no. 25
- Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings 1982-2015, vol. 1 (1982), no. A 6; vol. 4 (2005), p. 178; vol 5 (2010), p. 150-151
as History painting (subject unidentified) - Wurfbain/Sizoo/Wintgens 1983, p. 268-270
- Schwartz 1984, no. 17
as Palamedes before Agamemnon: a historical analogy of the justice of Johan van Oldebarnevelt - Berkhout/De Jong/Muns 1985, p. 4-5
- Tümpel 1986, no. 117
- Bruyn 1987, no. 2, p. 89-94
as The magnanimity of Alexander - De Vries 1991A, p. 22
- Van Straten 1991, no. 83, p. 89-107
as The magnanimity of emperor Ferdinand II - Vogelaar/Stroo 1991, p. 15, 16, 36, 83, 90, fig. 37
as Palamedes before Agamemnon - De Heer/Kuyvenhoven/Mijnlieff 1992, p. 249, no. 2169
- Slatkes 1992, no. 2
- Broos et al. 1993, p. 16
- Bolten-Rempt/Heijden 1993, p. 32
- Blankert/Blokhuis 1997, p. 82
- Van de Wetering 1997, p. 34
- Tietjen 1998, p. 117
- Schama 1999, p. 227
as The magnanimity of Claudius Civilis - Buvelot 1999, p. 7-16
- Tuynman 1999, p. 2-7
as The three Horations before king Tullus - White 1999A, no. 1
- White et al. 1999, no. 1
- Van den Boogert 1999A, p. 90
- Wheelock/Goldfarb/Chong 2000, p. 14
- Wright 2000A, p. 56
- Stumpel 2001, p. 44-50
as The readiness of the Horations - Wetering e.a 2001, no 7
B. van den Boogert: The clemency of Charles V - Ekkart et al. 2002, p. 159
- Giltaij/De Leeuw 2004, p. 72
as History - Van Straten/Moerman 2005, p. 47-48, 301-313, fig. 47
- Brons/Postma 2005, p. 50
- Dudok van Heel 2006, p. 184-192, fig. 74
- Kelch/Van de Wetering 2006, no. 1
- Schwartz/Calster 2006, p. 147
- Van de Wetering/Kelch/Van den Boogert 2006, p. 80
- Hirschfelder 2008, no. 380
- Van der Stighelen/Magnus/Watteeuw 2010, p. 201-202
- Smit/Blom/Van Maanen 2010, no. 1
- Blom 2010, p. 61-68
- Zwakenberg 2010, no. 102, p. 40-59
- Taylor 2011, p. 112-118
as The injustice of Piso - Giltaij 2013, p. 159
- Goldin 2014, p. 58
- Rutgers/Rijnders 2014, p. 205
- Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings 1982-2015, vol. 6 (2015), no. 7
- Rumberg/Bevers 2016, p. 8-9
- Van de Wetering 2016, p. 63-64, 224-225
- Hecht 2018A, passim
as Orestes and Pylades before king Thoas in Tauris - Knol et al. 2019, p. 196-197
- Brown et al. 2019, no. 59
- Hecht 2019, p. 273-277
as Orestes and Pylades before king Thoas in Tauris
- Hofstede de Groot 1924, p. 126 and fig. Plate II
- Other literature
- W.C. Schuylenburg, Catalogus der schilderijen van het Centraal Museum, Utrecht 1933, no. 329, as The justice of Brutus
- "Historiestuk = History painting", Oranje-Nassau Groep Jaarverslag = Annual report, Amsterdam 2006, p. 28-29
- Christiaan Vogelaar, "Schilderen en bouwen voor burgerij en stad", in: Leiden: de geschiedenis van een Hollandse stad, vol. 2 (1574-1795), Leiden 2003, p. 158-159
- Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal : jaarverslag 1948, p. 13; 1956, p. 6; 1980, p. 16; 1981, p. 38; 1999, p. 13; 2000, p. 15; 2001, p. 16; 2006, p. 21
- K. Demus, Vienna (letters 13-1-1971, 28-5-1974, as Liudolf and Konrad de Rode before Otto I
- J. Bikker, De Nachtwacht, Amsterdam 2013, p. 39, fig. B 564
- Rembrandt 400 Leiden voor en door Leidenaren, newsletter Rembrandt 400, October 2004, no.1
- Project
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