Rembrandt

Illustration number 0001503735
Dimensions: 5909x4450 pixels
License under CC BY-NC-SA by copyright: Foto Amsterdam Museum

Illustration number IB00023009
Dimensions: 2106x1576 pixels
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Illustration number 0000003169
Dimensions: 650x568 pixels
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Illustration number 0000003168
Dimensions: 650x568 pixels
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Illustration number 0000067411
Dimensions: 650x568 pixels
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Illustration number 0000003185
Dimensions: 650x568 pixels
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Object information

Object category

painting

Physical connection Reference in ‘composite artworks’: artworks that are/were connected, such as alterpieces, decorative pieces incorporated in panelling, and works of art that were intended to be displayed together, such as pendants and series.

fragment

Support/medium

canvas, oil paint

Shape/dimensions

rectangle (landscape format) 113 x 135 cm
During a fire on 8 November 1723 the painting was severly damaged. It was originally ca. 245 x 300 cm (Middelkoop/Enklaar/Van der Ploeg 1998, p. 26). There were 11 persons portrayed on the original painting.

Signature/inscription Information about the signature, dating, inscription or any other mark on the front or back of the art work

signed and dated lower center: Rembrandt f 1656

Current attribution: Rembrandt

Date Exact or approximate dating of the described art work; the search parameters adopted for this art work in this database, are found in brackets.: dated 1656 (1656)

Subject

Title Title of the art-work in Dutch: De anatomische les van dr. Jan Deyman
English title: The anatomy lesson of dr. Jan Deyman
Genre: portrait
Keywords: portrait, group portrait, anatomy, corpse, hand on side, flat collar with tassels, teaching

Represented

IB number Number related to the portrait iconography collection RKD.: 23009

Joan Deyman 1619 - ?

Name

Deyman, Joan

Initials

Sex

Academische titel

dr.

Date/place of birth

1619

Date/place of death

Amsterdam (stad)

Buried

1666-12-07

Occupation

medisch doctor Amsterdam; professor chirurgie Amsterdam 1653

Marriage(s)

Amsterdam (stad) 1658-11-19
Maria Bas

Description

the man behind the corpse (head is missing)

Gijsbert Calkoen

Name: Calkoen, Gijsbert
Description: the man on the left

Joris Fonteyn 1633 - 1656-01-27

Name: Fonteyn, Joris
Date/place of birth: 1633 - 1634
put to death in 1656, 22 years old
Date/place of death: Amsterdam (stad) 1656-01-27
Occupation: Kleermaker, dief te Amsterdam. Alias Zwarte Jan, werd in Amsterdam terechtgesteld op 27-1-1656.
Description: the corpse
Notes: source: Van Eeghen 1948

Identification based on: provenance

Notes portrait: Before the painting was burned in 1723 the surgeons Dirk Visch, Nicolaes Fruyt, Daniel Florianus, Augustus Meyer, Laurens de Lange, Barend Heems en Jacob Harny were also depicted on the painting.

Artistically related

Artistically related to other work Such as a preparatory studie, comparable composition, other version, or copy of the artwork in this record.

used as model for
Johan Sonnenberg, De anatomische les van dr. Joan Deyman
related to
Rembrandt, De anatomische les van dr. Jan Deyman
a sketch that was probably made by Rembrandt to show how the painting had to be framed and placed (Tumpel 1986, no. 255)

Provenance

Collection(s)

Chirurgijnsgilde (Amsterdam), Amsterdam
- 1841-12-20 date of auction
art dealer or private collection Chaplin, England
bought for 660 guilder via the art dealer Albertus Brondgeest (Middelkoop 1994, p. 24)
1841 -
private collection ds. E. Price Owen, Cheltenham
Price Owen bought the picture from Chaplin (Middelkoop 1994, p. 24)
- 1879 In 1879, after the death of E. Price Owen, his heirs offered the painting together with the rest of the art collection to the South Kensington Museum in Londen, now the Victoria & Albert Museum (Middelkoop 1994, p. 24).
South Kensington Museum, London (England)
now the Victoria & Albert Museum (since 1899)
1879 - 1882 since 1879 kept under trust in the museum (Middelkoop 1994, p. 24)
City of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
1882 - Bought in 1882 on the initiative of Jan Six by the city of Amsterdam for 1400 guilders (Middelkoop 1994, p. 25; Bikker/Schapelhouman/Krekeler 2014, online supplement p. 8).
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam , inv./cat.nr SK-C-85
1885 - 1994 on loan from the city of Amsterdam
Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam , inv./cat.nr SA 7394
1994 -

Auction(s)

Vries, Jeronimo de (Amsterdam (city)) 1841-12-20, lotnr. 39
Name buyer : Albertus Brondgeest , 660 gulden

according to an annotation in a copy of the sale catalogue [RKD, The Hague] , Lugt no. 16406: "Rembrandt. hoog 1 el, breed 31 d. Doek. Een dood Mans-Ligchaam, liggende op eene tafel. Men ziet hetzelfde tegen de voetzolen aan, en door de geopende buik in de holte der borst; ter zijde staat een deftig gekleed man, ter halver lijve, met opmerkzaamheid dit voorwerp te beschouwen, waarvan hij den scheden in de hand houdt. Zowel de uiterste naauwkeurigheid der Voorstelling, als het treffend effect en het meesterlijk penseel, getuigen van des beroemden Kunstenaars hooge verdiensten. Hetzelve is geschilderd voor en altoos geplaatst geweest in de Kamer der Overlieden van het voormalig Chirurgijns Gild, te Amsterdam, en is nog behoorende aan het Chirurgijns Weduwenfonds."

Exhibitions and literature

Exhibitions

National exhibition of works of art at Leeds, 1868 [Leeds General Infirmary] , Leeds (West Yorkshire) , 1868 - 1869 , cat. no. 893, lent by H.D. Owen
De Rembrandt tentoonstelling te Amsterdam Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam , Amsterdam (city) , 1898-09 - 1898-11 , cat. no. 97
Amsterdam in den loop der eeuwen Rijksmuseum Amsterdam , Amsterdam (city) , 1925-07-03 - 1925-09-15 , cat. no. 560
Rembrandt tentoonstelling ter plechtige herdenking van het 300-jarig bestaan der Universiteit van Amsterdam [- afb.] Rijksmuseum Amsterdam , Amsterdam (city) , 1932-06-11 - 1932-09-04 , cat. no. 32
Au Palais des Beaux-Arts : la peinture Hollandaise de Jerome Bosch a Rembrandt Paleis voor Schone Kunsten , Brussels , 1946-03-02 - 1946-04-28 , cat. no. 87
Rembrandt : sextiosex bilder från utställningen i nationaluseum Nationalmuseum Stockholm , Stockholm (city) , 1956-01-12 - 1956-04-15 , cat. no. 34
Rembrandt : Der Meister und seine Werkstatt Altes Museum [SMBPK] , Berlin , 1991-09-12 - 1991-11-10 , cat. no. 44
Rembrandt : de meester & zijn werkplaats Rijksmuseum Amsterdam , Amsterdam (city) , 1991-12-04 - 1992-03-01 , cat. no. 44
Rembrandt : The Master and his Workshop National Gallery [London] , London (England) , 1992-03-26 - 1992-05-14 , cat. no. 44
Spectacular bodies : the art of the human body from Leonardo to now Hayward Gallery , London (England) , 2000-10-19 - 2001-01-14 , cat. no. 258
Rembrandt Rembrandt [Frankfurt, 2003] Städelsches Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , 2003-02-01 - 2003-05-11 , cat. no. 33
De anatomische les : van Rembrandt tot Damien Hirst Gemeentemuseum Den Haag , The Hague (city) , 2013-09-28 - 2014-01-05
Rembrandt : the late works National Gallery [London] , London (England) , 2014-10-15 - 2015-01-18 , cat. no. 29

Literature

Tilanus 1865 , p. 19 no. 17, note 48
Vosmaer 1873 , p. 13-22
Six 1882 , p. 168-171
Moes 1897-1905 , vol. 1, no. 1376, 1962
Bode/Hofstede de Groot 1897-1905 , no. 450
Hofstede de Groot 1898 , no. 94
Six 1905 , p. 37-40
Hofstede de Groot 1907-1927 (English edition) , vol. 6 (1916), no. 927
Amsterdam 1925 , no. 560
Weisbach 1926 , p. 581-584
De Balbian Verster 1928 , p. 86-90
De Balbian Verster 1931 , p. 29-30
Riegl 1931 , p. 206-209
Amsterdam 1932 (Rembrandt) , no. 32
Bredius 1935 , no. 414
Martin 1936 , p. 19, 64, 79
De Lint 1943 , p. 36, 49-50
Brussels 1946 , no. 87
Van Eeghen 1948 , p. 34-36
Van Regteren Altena 1950 , p. 171-178
Amsterdam 1951 , p. 147-148
Slive 1953 , p. 168
Van Eeghen 1956A , p. 35-40
Knuttel 1956 , p. 40, 183, 273
Nordenfalk 1956 , no. 34
Heckscher 1958 , p. 191-192
Cetto 1959 , p. 57-62
Rosenberg 1964 , p. 136-138
Kühn 1965 , p. 199
Bauch 1966 , no. 538
Clark 1966 , p. 94-96
Wolf-Heidegger/Cetto 1967 , no. 261
Gerson 1968 , no. 326
Haak 1968 , p. 266
Bredius/Gerson 1969 , no. 414
Van Thiel et al. 1976 , p. 470, no. C85
De Vries 1978 , p. 93
Broos 1981 , p. 72-77
Haak 1984 , p. 114
Schwartz 1984 , no. 315
Tümpel 1986 , no. 255
Brown/Kelch/ Van Thiel 1991 , no. 44
Dublin 1992 , p. 26
Slatkes 1992 , no. 198
Van Thiel 1992 , p. 88, no. 97
Anoniem 1994 , p. 430-431
Middelkoop/Jonker/Wiggers 1994
Hansen 1996 , p. 663-665, 675, 677
Blankert/Blokhuis 1997 , p. 28
Bergvelt 1997 , p. 224-225, 239
Van de Wetering 1997 , p. 212-213
Middelkoop/Enklaar/Van der Ploeg 1998 , p. 24-26
Schama 1999 , p. 604
Kemp/Wallace 2000 , p. 25, 228, no. 258
Van Lier/ Scheijde 2000 , p. 16-17
Middelkoop 2001 , p. 66, 68-74
Houtzager/Jonker 2002 , p. 72-73
Giltaij 2003 , p. 174-179, no. 33
Kettering 2006 , p. 30-35
Rutgers/Middelkoop 2006 , p. 12-17
Schwartz/Calster 2006 , p. 162, 164, 167-168, 284
Middelkoop/Reichwein/Van Gent 2008 , p. 118-119, 242
Van de Wetering 2008 , p. 164
Boon/Steenhuis 2009 , p. 50-58
Weller et al. 2011 , p. 50
Hardeman 2013 , p. 2-3, 22-25, 27, 31, 49, 52-56
Büttner 2014 , p. 62
Rutgers/Rijnders 2014 , p. 146
Hell/Los/Middelkoop 2014 , p. 87
Bikker/Schapelhouman/Krekeler 2014 , p. 87, cat. no. 29
Suthor 2014 , p. 92-98, 207-208
Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings 1982-2015 , vol. 6 (2015), no. 246
De Bièvre 2015 , p. 323, ill. 229
Dubus 2018 , p. 65, ill. 8

G. Wallis, The lost Rembrandt, The art journal 18 (1879), p. 273-276

Visual documentation

Visual documentation

Location image Location of the image in the visual documentation.

TD/Digital collection (img.nr. 0001503735)
BD/RKD/1820 - IB/XVIIC on Deyman (img.nr. IB00023009)
, Original location BD/RKD/0612 - ONS/Portraits: Rembrandt and School (img.nr. 0000003169)
, Original location BD/RKD/0700 - ONS/Dated Works (img.nr. 0000003168)
, Original location BD/RKD/0700 - ONS/Dated Works (img.nr. 0000067411)
, Original location BD/RKD/0612 - ONS/Portraits: Rembrandt and School (img.nr. 0000003185)

Project: Dutch Public Collections Project
The Rembrandt Database
RemBench

Technical documentation

The RKD manages a collection of technical documentation that has been given to us by external researchers and museums or which stems from the RKD's own research with infrared reflectography. Documentation can be accessed by appointment at the RKD. While not all technical documentation has been entered in the database at present, new data is added on a regular basis.

36 hits in RKD technical, relating to:

Technical examination type

sample

scraping DI478_01, 1962 1 hits
edge of the painting
sample was taken before 1962-10
same sample as "Probe R 8"
cross-section RCE2973, 1990-10 - 1990-11 2 hits
background, incarnate (the added part of the panel, top)
second cross-section no.: 41
cross-section RCE2979, 1990-10 - 1990-11 2 hits
background, incarnate (corpse)
second cross-section no.: 40

Research and restoration projects

conservation, 1732 1 hitsinvolved_persons: Jan Maurits Quinkhard
It was probably Jan Maurits Quinkhard who carried out this conservation. He possibly reduced the size of the painting to its current dimensions and painted a curtain over the remaining stature of Deyman and the background (Middelkoop/Jonker/Wiggers 1994, p. 22).
conservation, 1888 1 hitsinvolved_persons: Barend Wijnveld
In 1888 B. Wijnveld was commissioned by the municipality of Amsterdam to repaint de upper part of the painting on a piece of cardboard.
"Ten vervolge op ons schrijven 19 September 1887 n° 45 hebben wij de eer UEA mede te delen dat de proeven tot omlijsting van het fragment van Rembrandts Anatomische les, Rijks Mus. n° 1250 (314b) tot een bevredigend resultaat hebben geleid. Wij hebben derhalve de Eer UEA machtiging te vragen om: 1° het aangehechte, niet toebehoorende doek van dit fragment, door middel van special zooals die bij het verdoeken wordt gebruikt met papier te beplakken. Op deze wijze zal dit papier steeds, met behulp van een warm ijzer, weder verwijderd kunnen worden indien men dit later wenscht. 2° over dit papier bij te schilderen. De heer Wijnveld zal deze taak bereidwillig op zich nemen, een proef van zijne hand mag als zeer goed geslaagd beschouwd worden. 3° een zwarten massief houten lijst te laten maken volgens te bepalen profiel. Volgens opgave van de H.H. van Mench & Gonkel bedragen de kosten van een lijst van 15 cM breedte f 53.-. Wordt een profiel van slechts 13 cM verkozen dan zouden de kosten niet meer dan f 46.- bedragen. Namens de Commissie aan het hoofd deze de Secretaris J. Six." (Letter to the mayor and aldermen of Amsterdam from J. Six of the Commissie van Toezicht over de Schilderijen der Gemeente Amsterdam (N° 50), 3 February 1880)
conservation, 1890 1 hitsinvolved_persons: Willem Anthonij Hopman
Repainted edge by Wijnveld revarnished by Hopman.
conservation, 1923 1 hitsinvolved_persons: P.N. Bakker; W.F.C. Greebe
Cleaned
" [...] Aan de heeren Bakker en Greebe: .... Rijksmuseum, No. 2018 Rembrandt, Anatomische les een weinig schoonmaken f 50.- [...]" (Commissie van toezicht en advies over de schilderijen der gemeente. Report of the Sub-commissie voor de schilderijen der gemeente, 29 June 1923)
research project Burroughs X-ray documentation project, 1925 — 1944 1 hitsinvolved_persons: Alan Burroughs
The Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies at the Harvard Art Museums houses the Alan Burroughs Collection of X-Radiographs, the ﬁrst systematic, large-scale X-ray documentation project assembled to address issues of the authenticity and attribution of paintings. Many of the X-rays were produced between 1925 and 1944 by Burroughs—a Harvard graduate (1920) who became a Fogg Museum research fellow and the keeper of X-ray "shadowgraphs". Today the collection contains approximately 8,000 X-radiographs of over 4,450 paintings from the great collections of America and Europe.
The X-rays can also be found in the online database of the Harvard Art Museums: https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/collections?q=Rembrandt+burroughs
conservation, 1931-02-17 — 1931 5 hitsinvolved_persons: Hendricus Hubertus Mertens; Christiaan Hendrik Jenner
On 17 February 1931 the painting was severly damaged by a person who attacked the painting with an ax. After this assault the painting was relined with wax by Jenner and retouched by Mertens. The in 1888 repainted section by the restorer Wijnveld was removed.
"[...] Uiteenzetting van de wijze, waarop het schildery is beschadigd.... wordt besloten, het schildery door den Heer Jenner te laten verdoeken, daarna zal een vergadering van de Commissie worden gehouden ter bespreking van het verder restaureeren. [ ...] " (Report of the 110th meeting of the Commissie van toezicht en advies over de schilderyen der Gemeente, 11 February 1931)
"[...] De verdoeking van de Anatomische les van Dr. Deyman door Rembrandt werd, na de beschadiging, uitstekend gedaan door den Heer Jenner, restaurateur van 't Ryksmuseum. Het byschilderen werd eveneens uitstekend volbracht door den nieuwen restaurateur van 't Ryksmuseum den Heer Mertens. De kosten van deze restauratie bedragen f 400.- [...]" (transcript annual report of the Sub-commissie van advies over de schilderyen van de stad Amsterdam, 10 June 1931, no. 289 K.1931)
conservation, 1953 — 1954 1 hitsinvolved_persons: Hendricus Hubertus Mertens
Between 1953 and 1954 Mertens relined the painting in order to strengthen the canvas.
" [...] Prijsopgave [...] No. 2018 Rembrandt - Anatomische les van Dr. Joan Deyman. Tweede doek aanbrengen f 175.- [...]" (annual report (no. 550/17 K '52) of the Commissie van Toezicht en advies voor de schilderijen der Gemeente Amsterdam, 1953/1954)
study Rembrandt's grounds and pigments, 1962 — 1976 1 hitsinvolved_persons: Hermann Kühn
The study focused mainly on grounds, and to some extent on paint layers. Samples were taken of 75 panel and canvas paintings attributed to Rembrandt.
Prof. Dr. Hermann Kühn took the samples at the painting's institution with a stereomicroscope after which he analyzed them at the Doerner Institut in Munich.
For more information: Hermann Kühn, Untersuchungen zu den Malgründen Rembrandts, 1965, p. 189-210, in: Jahrbuch der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen in Baden-Württemberg, vol. 2
For more information: Hermann Kühn, Untersuchungen zu den Pigmenten und Malgründen Rembrandts, durchgeführt an den Gemälden der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Kassel, in: Maltechnik Restauro : Internationale Zeitschrift für Farb- und Maltechniken, Restaurierung und Museumsfragen 82 (1976), p. 25-33
conservation Late Rembrandt, 1990 — 1994 12 hitsinvolved_persons: Michel van de Laar; Laurent Sozzani; Martin Bijl; Gwen Tauber; Manja Zeldenrust; Hélène Kat; Ernst van de Wetering; Pieter Jacobus Johannes van Thiel; Karin Groen; R. de la Rie; Jaap J. Boon; Judith H. Hofenk de Graaff; M. Berends; M.F.S Karreman; Matthijs de Keijzer; Jaap A. Mosk; Wouter Kloek; Jan Piet Filedt Kok
Between 1990 and 1994 eight Rembrandt paintings of the Rijksmuseum were restored. Most of the paintings dated from the late period of Rembrandt's career, with the exception of Still life with peacocks and the Portrait of Johannes Wttenbogaert. During the project The anatomy lesson of doctor Joan Deyman was transferred to the Amsterdam Museum. Before restoration all the paintings were thoroughly studied. All treatments were preceded and accompanied by material research. Some of the examination methods used were: X-radiography, infrared photography, sample analysis, normal light studies, ultraviolet light studies, raking light studies and stereomicroscopy. Sample analysis was carried out by the Centraal Laboratorium (now Cultural Heritage Agency) in support of the restoration. Research took place at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, The Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE), Stichting Restauratie Atelier Limburg (SRAL) and DSM. Particularly the paint surface and the structure of the paint layers were studied, concerning possible retouchings. During the project it was decided to make a publication about the restorations. Unfortunately it was never published.
Between 1990 and the start of 1991 the Self Portrait as the apostle Paul was restored by Martin Bijl.
Between 1990 and the start of 1991 Titus as a monk was restored by Manja Zeldenrust.
From 1990 to 1991 The sampling officials of the Amsterdam drapers guild (known as The Syndics) was restored by Michel van der Laar and Manja Zeldenrust.
In 1991 Laurent Sozzani and Martin Bijl restored Still life with peacocks.
From September 1991 until the start of 1993 the Denial of saint Peter was restored by Gwen Tauber and Manja Zeldenrust.
Between 1991 and 1993 the Portrait of a couple as Isaac and Rebecca (known as the Jewish Bride) was restored by Martin Bijl and Manja Zeldenrust.
From February 1993 till June 1993 the just acquired Portrait of Johannes Wttenbogaert was restored by Manja Zeldenrust and Martin Bijl.
Between 1993 and 1994 the Anatomy Lesson of dr. Joan Deyman was restored by Hélène Kat and Martin Bijl.

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Creation date: 1996-08-19; Last modified date: 2023-04-03

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