Rembrandt or studio of Rembrandt

<a class="recordlink artists" href="/explore/artists/66219" title="Rembrandt"><span class="text">Rembrandt</span></a> or studio of <a class="recordlink artists" href="/explore/artists/66219" title="Rembrandt"><span class="text">Rembrandt</span></a>

Illustration number 1001240013
Dimensions: 530x650 pixels
License under PUB DOM

Illustration number 1001217908
Dimensions: 520x650 pixels
License under PUB DOM

Illustration number 0000369900
Dimensions: 488x600 pixels
License undetermined

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Object information

Object category: painting
Support/medium: canvas, oil paint
Shape/dimensions: rectangle (portrait format) 81 x 65 cm

Signature/inscription Information about the signature, dating, inscription or any other mark on the front or back of the art work

signed and remnants of date : Rembrandt. f. [1661.]
The date is not completely discernible anymore. The date has been cited as 1661 since 1901 (Bode/Hofstede de Groot 1897-1905, vol. 3 (1899), no. 483). Before that time it was generally read as 1660, the date cited in the catalogue of the Comte de Vence of 1759.

Current attribution: Rembrandt
: or studio of Rembrandt
This painting has been regarded as an autograph Rembrandt for a long time (see for instance: Blankert/Blokhuis 1997, no. 20; Schwartz 1984, ill. 362; Keltanen 2013, p. 60). In 1986 Tümpel expressed his doubts about the attribution of this painting (Tümpel 1986, no. 92). In an exhibition catalogue of 2006 it is mentioned as a work by an anonymous pupil from Rembrandt's workshop (Rønberg/Pedersen/Van de Wetering 2006, p. 117). In 2011 the RRP suggested that this painting is a satellite painting to the Rijksmuseum's 'Titus as a monk' [RKD Images no. 2954] (Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings 1982-2011, vol. 5 (2011), p. 268, ill. 48b).

Date Exact or approximate dating of the described art work; the search parameters adopted for this art work in this database, are found in brackets.: dated 166[1?] (1661)

The last digit of the date is not legible anymore. The first three digits are clearly visible in IR photographs and have been examined by Jörgen Wadum in 2015 (information from the museum, received 2017-10-27).

Subject

Title Title of the art-work in Dutch: Lezende monnik
Other (former) title Other title(s) or name(s) which the work of art has had, or by which it is also known. This sometimes involves rejected identifications of the subject or sitter.: Francis of Assisi , A Franciscan monk reading , A Capuchin monk
English title: Reading monk
Genre: undetermined
Keywords: figure, monk, half-length, body facing left, head to the left, reading, book

Provenance

Collection(s)

private collection Comte de Vence, Paris
Smith 1829-1842, vol. 7 (1836), no. 132; Van Schendel 1956, no. 85
1750 -
private collection Earl of Wemyss and March, Wemyss Castle/ Gosford House
1835 - 1915 London 1835, no. 121; Blankert/Blokhuis 1997, no. 20; end date: c. 1915
art dealer Agnew's, London
1916 - 1919 Agnew’s Stock Books, Archive of the National Gallery, London, no. NGA27/1/1/10 (1904–1933)
private collection Hjalmar Linder, London
1919 - 1920
Ateneum Art Museum, Helsinki
1920 - 1990 From 1920 to 1939 the painting was owned by the Finnish Art Society and exhibited in the Ateneum Art Museum. In 1939 the entire collection of the Finnish Art Society was transferred to the Fine Arts Academy and continued to be exhibited in Ateneum Art Museum till 1990. That year the collection of the Fine Arts Academy was transferred to the Finnish state after the Finnish National Gallery was founded (information from the museum, received 2017-10-27).
Sinebrychoff Art Museum, Helsinki , inv./cat.nr A II 1410
1990 - The collection of the Fine Arts Academy, exhibited in the Ateneum Art Museum, was transferred to the Finnish state when the Finnish National Gallery was founded in 1990. Since then the 'Reading monk' has been exhibited in the Sinebrychoff Art Museum (information from the museum, received 2017-10-27).

Auction(s)

Remy, P. (Paris) 1761-02-09 - 1761-02-17, lotnr. 47
Contributor Comte de Vence

, Lugt 1135: "47 Deux Tableaux en pendans, représentans un Religieux de l'Ordre de Saint François & un Vieillard, vus jusqu'aux genoux, & grands comme nature. Ils sont peints sur toile & portent 29 pouces de haut, sur 24 pouces de large."; According to the catalogue, the auction date would be November 24, 1760 but assumedly the auction was actually held February 9th, 1761. Lot no. 47 was to be auctioned November 20, 1760 but was assumedly actually auctioned February 12, 1761.

Exhibitions and literature

Exhibitions

Catalogue of pictures by Italian, Spanish, Flemish, Dutch, and French masters [Londen, British Institution, 1835] British Institution , London (England) , 1835-05 - 1836 , cat. no. 121
Exhibition of Dutch art, 1450-1900 Royal Academy of Arts , London (England) , 1929-01-04 - 1929-03-09 , cat. no. 88
Rembrandt : sextiosex bilder från utställningen i nationaluseum Nationalmuseum Stockholm , Stockholm (city) , 1956-01-12 - 1956-04-15 , cat. no. 37
Rembrandt : tentoonstelling ter herdenking van de geboorte van Rembrandt op 15 juli 1606 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam , Amsterdam (city) , 1956-05-18 - 1956-08-05 , cat. no. 85
Rembrandt : tentoonstelling ter herdenking van de geboorte van Rembrandt op 15 juli 1606 Museum Boymans , Rotterdam (city) , 1956-08-08 - 1956-10-21 , cat. no. 85
Rembrandt : a genius and his impact National Gallery of Victoria , Melbourne , 1997-10-01 - 1997-12-07 , cat. no. 20
Rembrandt : a genius and his impact Australian National Gallery , Canberra , 1997-12-17 - 1998-02-15 , cat. no. 20
La luce del vero : Caravaggio, la Tour, Rembrandt, Zurbaran Galleria d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea , Bergamo (city) , 2000-09-10 - 2000-12-17 , cat. no. 23
Niderlandzkie malarstwo XVII wieku z kolekcji Sinebrychoff Art Museum w Helsinkach = Netherlandish painting of the 17th century from the collections of the Sinebrychoff Art Museum in Helsinki Muzeum Narodowe w Poznaniu , Poznań , 2002-02-17 - 2002-03-31 , p. 43-44
Rembrandt Rembrandt [Frankfurt, 2003] Kyoto National Museum , Kyoto (city) , 2002-11-03 - 2003-01-08 , cat. no. 42, only in Kyoto
Rembrandt's late religious portraits National Gallery of Art [Washington] , Washington (D.C.) , 2005-01-30 - 2005-05-01 , cat. no. 16
Rembrandt's late religious portraits J. Paul Getty Museum , Los Angeles (California) , 2005-06-07 - 2005-08-28 , cat. no. 16

Literature

Descamps 1753-1764 , vol. 2 (1764), p. 96
Paris 1759 , p. 24
London 1835 , no. 121
Smith 1829-1842 , vol. 7 (1836), no. 132
Vosmaer 1877 , p. 561
Hofstede de Groot 1893A , p. 220
Michel 1893 , p. 444, 556
Bode/Hofstede de Groot 1897-1905 , vol. 3 (1899), no. 483
Rosenberg/Valentiner 1909 , p. 460
Hofstede de Groot 1907-1928 (German edition) , vol. 6 (1915), no. 190
Borenius 1919 , p. 124-125
Valentiner 1920A , p. 221
Witt 1929 , no. 88
Bredius 1935 , no. 307
Rosenberg 1948 , vol. 1, p. 195-196, 219-220; vol. 2, no. 259
Stockholm 1956 , no. 37
Van Schendel 1956 , no. 85
Benesch 1957 , p. 118, 122
Bauch 1966 , no. 232
Gerson 1968 , no. 386
Bredius/Gerson 1969 , no. 307
Lecaldano/Arpino 1978 , no. 402
Bolten/Bolten-Rempt 1978 , no. 537
Sutton 1982 , p. 364-365
Schwartz 1984 , ill. 362
Tümpel 1986 , no. 92
Bomford/Brown/Roy 1988 , p. 102
Slatkes 1992 , no. 226
Blankert/Blokhuis 1997 , no. 20
Armogathe 2000 , no. 23
Huhtamäki/Waller 2002 , p. 43-44
Wheelock 2005 , p. 126-127, 138-139
Harju/Anttonen 2006 , p. 37, 174
Bomford et al. 2006 , p. 154
Rønberg/Pedersen/Van de Wetering 2006 , p. 117
Schwartz 2006 , p. 352
Hirschfelder 2008 , no. 456
Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings 1982-2015 , vol. 5 (2011), p. 268, ill. 48b
Keltanen 2013 , p. 60

O. Okkonen, 'Rembrandt: Elämäkertaa ja taidetta', Porvoo 1957, p. 116-118
C. Brown, 'Rembrandt : Tutti i dipinti', Milan 1980, no. 373
V.L. Hedquist, Rembrandt and the Franciscan Order of Amsterdam, in: 'Dutch Crossing. A Journal of Low Countries Studies', vol. 18 (1994) no. 1, p. 20-49

Visual documentation

Visual documentation

Location image Location of the image in the visual documentation.

BD/Digital Collection (img.nr. 1001240013)
BD/Digital Collection (img.nr. 1001217908)
BD/Digital Collection (img.nr. 0000369900)

Project: The Rembrandt Database
RemBench

Technical documentation

The RKD manages a collection of technical documentation that has been given to us by external researchers and museums or which stems from the RKD's own research with infrared reflectography. Documentation can be accessed by appointment at the RKD. While not all technical documentation has been entered in the database at present, new data is added on a regular basis.

9 hits in RKD technical, relating to:

Technical examination type

sample

cross-section RCE4613, 1999-09-24 3 hits
background (background, right hand edge)
cross-section RCE4614, 1999-09-24 3 hits
background (background, top edge)

Research and restoration projects

exhibition Rembrandt : tentoonstelling ter herdenking van de geboorte van Rembrandt op 15 juli 1606, 1956 1 hits
During the exhibition X-rays were made of a lot of the exhibited paintings at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
conservation, 1956-12 — 1956 4 hitsTreated in the conservation studio at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam
research project Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings IV, 1999 — 2005 5 hits
involved_persons: Karin Groen
A study of the build-up and the composition of the ground layers in paintings by Rembrandt and his studio of which the results and an evaluation of the study were published in volume IV of the Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings.

External links: website museum

Permalink: https://rkd.nl/explore/images/233359

Creation date: 2013-03-04; Last modified date: 2021-12-07

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Rembrandt or studio of Rembrandt

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